Saturday, August 27, 2016

Susuzan Tinau Kadazan


Nombo ma ko-iuman do buuk monusui Susuzan Tinau Kadazan(Dusun)? Mantad di noihahaan ku, aiso po. Dadi nung ingkaa, ingkuo dii sukod vagu do koiho do susuzan do tuhun dioho? Tazam om suang tahun po nga kivaa susuzan mantad nomboo mohoing dioho, kukuo om ingkuo kozuuzuvo dioho do baino.

Miaga kozo do savong. Zioho nopo diti nga mantad suang tahun di noikot ginazo pungaanan do 'dinosaur', ka. Baino, kakaal kivaa do 'dinosaur' miaga do buazo om savong. Noihaan do kivaa savong di agazo nga au ih kabaabaga ginazo do 'dinosaur'. Okito savong tagazo diti id Pulou Galapagos.

Om itia gangak toi hipos! Noihaan do kivaa no haid do hipos mantad di tinimpuuonon do vinangun. Au nokoohon kotiitinano do hipos mantad di poguhu. Osusa o hipos do apatai sabap noopo do zinamut. Gumumu zioho id kinoizonon di azamut. Kivaa boos do kinoizonon di nosoob do 'nuclear' po nga apasi o hipos.

Na, suang tahun po nga kivaa susuzan. Ingkuo tuhun Kadazan? Kivaa nabasa ku id 'internet' do kivaa kasaasangih do tinauh Kadazan tu aiso do susuzan nokosuat (historical records), ka. Dadi, nunu dii maan do tuhun Kadazan? Humodong aiso guno. Poimizo aiso koikoton. Koo-obu au' kopogovit nununu kounalan om kobuuon.

Dadi, avasi dati do tikid-tikid ii kiumul-umul om nokoiho vookon susuzan Tinauh Kadazan do poposuat nunu ii noihaan dioho toi mokisokodung di abaa do poposuat dii. Okon nangku do kiguno iti toi ko nasantaban no tuhun Kadazan do ingkakaa no susuzan dioho? Nunu dii potungkuson doid sinakagon ngaavi di mikot? Boos Kadazan po nga mimang tagak nung au potungkuson iti doid tangaanak ngaavi.

Kada potopoto do adadi tuhun Kadazan do miaga 'dinosaur'. Kada pohogoso boos tinauh suvai do managak do Tinauh Kadazan. Kada pohoso koubasanan om kotumbazaan do tinauh suvai do momunso do Tinauh Kadazan. Kivaa no haid Kadazan di poguhu. Nokuo tu au kotihombus do kivaa Kadazan do sogiigisom? Nung nakaanu tuhun Kadazan do minimang pasi gisom do baino, aiso sabap nokuo tu tumagak zioho mantad do Pulou Borneo om mantad soibau do tana.

Isai indadon do popotihombus do kivaa Tinauh Kadazan? Kivaa nangku tinauh suvai ii otootopot do miho hansanon do manampasi do tuhun Kadazan?

Ingkuo dii do ointutunan tuhun Kadazan nung au zioho koiho moboos om au kalati boos Kadazan? Tuhun suvai po nga koiho moboos do Kadazan miaga di papadagang ngaavi do sada. Kogumuan sukod vagu do Kadazan au kalati Kadazan doohu po koiho moboos Kadazan.

Songian oikot kozuuzuvo do aiso nodii moboos Kadazan, noikot no timpu do natagak Tinauh Kadazan. Ingkuo dii tuhun Kadazan do popotopot do Kadazan zioho do aiso songuhun dioho koiho moboos Kadazan? Suvai tuhun mantad suvai tinauh ii humosod do izioho no tuhun Kadazan sabap do koiho zioho boos Kadazan. Nung oikot timpu dino, iisai dii pahasaon? Tuhun suvai? Kopolintaan? Gagut?

Aiso suvai kaanu sumimba do ti-out ngaavi diti nga tuhun ngaavi Kadazan ii poimpasi do ontok timpu diti. Kivaa po timpu tokuudi noohu. Nga timpu au mindad.

Poboos no id Boos Kadazan. Poboos doid suvai tuhun id Boos Kadazan. Poboos no doid sukod vagu id Boos Kadazan. Poboos no doid tangaanak id Boos Kadazan. Poboos no Kadazan id hamin.

Tokudi-kudi do tikid tadau, mimang gumu toihaan. Touvi nopo nga mimang tongkop kabaahan.

Timpuun no baino do moboos om monongkiboos id Boos Kadazan. Kada no potohibo do sonsikin potuu doolu po do tounan.


Monday, August 22, 2016

Avakas Tuhun Kadazan-Dusun


Tumanud nunu nakahabus id kalatas abal, nokoboos ii Huguan Siou Joseph Pairin Kitingan do avakas o tuhun Kadazan-Dusun (vookon poposuat do "KDM" kaampai Murut). Songuhun momungaan disido sondii do "Mamai Sindaanan" monuu di Pairin do popointahang do totootopot do avakas tuhun Kadazan-Dusun.

Dadi otopot nangku do avakas o tuhun Kadazan-Dusun?

Kivaa katapatan do avakas tuhun Kadazan-Dusun om hobi po avakas nung iso' ginavo dioho, misompuu toi sokuukuang do miapu do popobuuh, popisompuu om papavakas pilotian id taatanga tuhun Kadazan-Dusun.

Nga' avasi do ihoon totootopot nombo o tuhun Kadazan-Dusun do baino. Hobi osompuu om hobi avakas nangku zioho do baino songian piagahon di poguhu?

Ginumu Tuhun Kadazan-Dusun
Songian koikot tuhun magagampa Bolitis minomusoou zioho do okuudi tuhun mamasok ponong koibutan do Borneo. Ii no do nangkat dioho o tuhun Sina om Jawa do kumalaja id kabun gata ii nimaan dioho (British North Borneo Chartered Company) tonomoh.

Maai nodii soizuko do Bolitis ginumu tuhun mamasok. Koihaai no dioho do kivaa piipio ngoopod ngoibu ginumu dioho. Ogumu tuhun mamasok, hobi no tuhun Murut, do napatai sabap no do toluo ii noovit do tuhun topuak miaga do ponobuh (small pox) om tubi (measles). Nokito do tuhun Bolitis do hobi vinakas do tinan do Kadazan (saviavi tuhun mamasok pinungaanan do Bolitis magagampa do 'Dusun") do humavan do toluo sundung potuu do ogumu nogi dioho ii nokoundun do toluo tuhun topuak diti.

Kivaa nokosuat di au' ahaid di poguhu do ginumu nopo do Kadazan-Dusun do baino nga hobi satangah lizong, ka. Nga' kivaa nokosuat doid kopoguntaban do tuhun Sabah do tuhun ii momungaan dioho do 'Kadazan' kiginumu do hobi 100,000 no om ii momungaan dioho do 'Dusun' kiginumu do hobi 200,000. Dadi, pio ih kozo ginumu tuhun do Kadazan-Dusun. Pio ginumu do Murut? Nokuo tu' aiso koponoizukan mantd huguan Kadazan-Dusun do pio ih kozo ginumu tuhun Kadazan-Dusun mooi do aanu mamalan ingkuo popobuu dioho?

Misuvai Pamanaan Huguan Kadazan-Dusun
Momoduung doid dioho sondii o tuhun Kadazan-Dusun nung mogohim zioho do avakas pisaan do huguan dioho. Kivaa dati ii humodong songian do oboos iti. Nga humodong au ih popotopot nunu ii au otopot. Om au nogii kaanu ii do papavakas pisaan do tuhun Kadazan-Dusun. Mikot doid pomuandaman nunu ii nokosuat id buuk di Dr. Jeffrey Kitingan kokomoi poomumusoou miaga do tongkuzu. Kivaa huguan mogohim do kivaa do ula-ula miaga dii id tatangah do Kadazan-Dusun om ohodong kumaa di Dr. Jeffrey.

Mogohim om humodong au' ih kaanu mongipop ula-ula miaga tongkuzu nung otopot do kivaa dii id taatangah do Kadazan-Dusun.

Songian patahangon, oihaan do kivaa huguan Kadazan-Dusun id piipio parti politik kaampai no PBS, UPKO, PBRS, UMNO om pipio parti politik di oninih. Kivaa do KDCA, kivaa do USDA, kivaa koisaan Rungus, kivaa do KSS. Om baino kivaa tinimungan ii pungaanan do MNC. (Kada daa do humodong tuh papaazat noopo do kuukuo kozo kozuuzuvo id tangah do Kadazan-Dusun do baino. Au' monondos iti om okonko komozon do kahasa do kivaa koisaan montok toiso-iso tinimungan 'tribal'.)

NGA' nung toiso-iso koisaan diti muzu pakaazan doid iso dimpoton, vookon mamagazat, vookon monuung, mositi nopo do agazo o vaza'. Songian do miiso o huguan ngaavi id tudduvon di iso' no, mositi nopo do oovit ginavo di tutumanud ngaavi dioho do sumokodung do momodimpot tuddu dii. Ounsub zioho di pomumusoou om ula-ula kotunud di huguan dioho ii kahansanan dioho sondii.

Kozuuzuvo do baino osodu kozo mantad di poguhu. Misangod tuhun mamasok di poguhu (tribal wars). Iti no dati iso' mantad di kopogong dioho do mimang gumu di poguhu.

Hizab ii Au' Otuhuk id Timpu Toniboh
Avasi muot do 'nombo tuhun Kadazan-Dusun id daasom 50 toun'. Hobi nangku do nokopiiso tuhun Kadazan-Dusun? Hobi nangku do nokobuu zioho?

Au' ih odimot, au ih ahantoi do Kadazan-Dusun ii tuddu ngaavi dioho id daasom timpu toniboh. Nipizan do mamadadi tuhun Kadazan-Dusun do iso tinimungan mamasok ii pantangon do tinau' suvai momoguno timpu tanauh. Nga mositi nopo do kivaa kahantazan tongonini songian muzu id tindahanon pakaazan doid kahantazan do Kadazan-Dusun. Songian do kaanu huguan ngaavi Kadazan-Dusun do mogiduan do pisuvazan dioho om do miapu do monuhuk di kohizaban, iso kahantazan toniinih ii. Om kahantazan totootopot ii. Om apatut do oondos puu do Kadazan-Dusun.

Au' Tumood om Au' Asantaban do Uhah No
Songian nopo do mikot o kopiipiumono do asantaban o ginavo, mundoong, tumood om tumuintog, nga nokoikot no timpu di agazo kohigaganan. Komozon do aiso nodii kohizaban do muzu doid ningkokoton di hobi avasi om nokobuu. Iti no ii sangod dii hobi kikohigagagnan tu kaanu ii do popomungkang do ginavo sondii om nogi do tinimungan.

Kivaa kavakasan do tuhun Kadazan-Dusun. Nga' osodu po kozo mantad nunu ii kohizaban. Kivaa kaantakan om kozuuzuvo ii kapagantob do mimang vakas. Kavakasan do Kadazan-Dusun nopo nga ginumu saviavi ('total sum') do kavakasan do toiso-iso puu do Kadazan-Dusun. Songian do komungkang songuhun Kadazan-Dusun, komungkang ii tinimungan. Songian hobi avakas toiso-iso puu do Kadazan-Dusun, hobi do mimang vakas ii tinimungan. Songian kobuu toiso-iso puu, kobuu o tinimungan.

(Komi: Iso' pomusaavan noopo iti. Nung ohodong nga pohombuso no ii kohohodong. Nga nung kivaa di otopot, opioh no ii. Ii nopo ii au' kotunud nga dodizo no ih do miaga di loun nouzou ii natatak ii maan suugio do tongus pakaazan doid tisan do lahan.)

Pascalis Claudius Lotinggi Dampian
Copyright © 2016

Saturday, July 30, 2016

MIBABAS and SOGIT

Mibabas. This is a Kadazan word that means 'to make peace' with someone we have hurt or when a person who has hurt us makes amend for what he or she has done. It is a way of saying, "I am sorry for hurting you and here is my peace offering as a sign that I am truly sorry."

The peace offering may be a chicken, a pig or a buffalo. The peace offering is determined by the village headman. In the absence of a headman, the norm is followed. This raises the question of what the norm is. The norm in one village or community may differ from that of another village or community. In reality, the seriousness of the wrong determines the type and size of the peace offering. The peace offering is called 'sogit' in Kadazan.

Sogit comes from the word 'osogit' which means cold. The sogit is intended to cause the enmity or antagonism between two people or two groups to cool down. It is believed that the sogit will ward off any bad luck or any untoward incident that may harm the one who caused the wrong.

However, sogit is also offered when something that is a taboo or prohibited occur. For example, a man may have molested someone's wife or daughter. Here the sogit is over and above the penal punishment and / or fine meted out by a court of law.

In the case of a serious offence, only a buffalo will suffice as the sogit. The animal peace offering has to be slaughtered and shared among the people of the village. The buffalo meat (or pork) will be distributed among the villagers. It is believed that by doing this, any calamity that may befall the village will be prevented. When a serious wrong is done, it is believed that it makes the village 'hot' ('ahasu' in Kadazan) meaning it is under some kind of curse.

Peace loving people may like this
Any person who values peace between people or between communities may love this native custom of mibabas and giving sogit.

But an increasing number of Kadazan refuse to adhere to this native custom. Society's values have changed due to outside influence. The world has become smaller because of enormous progress in the way people communicate as the result of great advances in technology. And the younger generations are susceptible to such influences because they were born in this technological age and are technology-savvy. Being constantly bombarded with values alien to their people, many refuse to follow the native norm.

In the past, a man would have to pay sogit if he held the hand of a woman who was not his wife. This was taboo. Because of changing values, one will often see a man holding the hand of a girl or woman without any fear of any sogit. You may even see a man and a woman hugging each other in public. And very often nothing will happen until the girl or woman becomes pregnant. And even then, leniency seems to be the rule of the day. Sometimes, the sogit will never be given and there is nothing that the parents of the girl can do.

It appears that sogit is losing its influence. There may come a time when it is totally considered irrelevant.When that time comes, people will come to appreciate the importance of the 'sogit' and 'mibabas.'


Created: July 27, 2016

Monday, July 11, 2016

PLEASE Don't Undermine the Dignity of Kadazans


In days long gone, there was this place where people call themselves "Kadazan". However, the Bruneis who took the liberty to claim the land as their own called these people "Dusun" because they saw that these people worked in farms, tilling the land and planting rice, fruits and vegetables.

This place was Papar. Owen Rutter ("The Pagan Tribes of North Borneo", 1929) confirmed that these local people had always called themselves "Kadazan" long before the British came. Papar still exists today and the descendants of the original Kadazan live there to this very day. With the rise of nationalism among the people, the name "Kadazan" was adopted wholeheartedly by the "Tangaah" of Penampang and the surrounding villages.

With this new development, Kadazan was chosen as the language for the first local radio broadcast. Kadazan was taught in Native Voluntary Schools that were established in the 1960s. There were the Kadazan Cultural Association (KCA) and Koisaan Komuhakan Kadazan Sabah (KKKS). There was also the United National Kadazan Organization (UNKO) renamed later as United Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Organization (UPKO).

Now, there are the Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA), formerly KCA, the Kadazan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI), UPKO (United Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Organization, Kadazan Society Sabah (KSS) and other organizations that are much smaller. And there is the Kadazan Chair at UMS.

Do not make a mistake that may prove costly
MNC (Momogun National Congress) proposed to use "Momogun" for three groups of  natives, namely, the Dusunic, Paitanic and Murutic groups of people, thereby conveniently subsuming Kadazan under Dusunic. Based on Sabah Tourist Association list, Paitan is classified under Kadazandusun. Murut is in a separate grouping.

KDCA had already made known its stand that the agreed name is 'Kadazandusun' and will not accept 'momogun'. KDCA had issued a press statement on this. Why must KDCA agree to a proposed name that was very recent whereas the name 'Kadazandusun' adopted in the 1960s - affirmed by KDCA Congress in 1989 - has been proven as acceptable to the native people comprising of more than thirty tribes? Why must MNC open the wounds of old between the two camps of Sabahan natives, namely, the Kadazan and Dusun? Who will gain from any renewed rivalry?

Refrain from repeating the mistake of the past. Many of the things that the natives enjoy now were the results of the hard work and dedication of certain Kadazan leaders. Let us acknowledge the important contribution of Kadazans.

This is not to deny that natives, whether Kadazan or Dusun, are way behind other races in many areas including in the economic field. But when someone says that the 'momogun' (to use MNC's proposed name for these people) are weak or disunited politically, surely it is not the ordinary Kadazan or Dusun who caused the disunity but leaders. When people say that the 'momogun' lag behind other races in business, who is to be blamed? Why didn't 'momogun' leaders do something concrete and practical for their people for the past fifty years? Why did elected 'momogun' representatives forget the pledges they made during political campaigns? Why didn't all of these leaders support KDCA's educational objectives so that 'momogun' students could be sent to study in universities overseas?

The ordinary 'momogun' is not expecting to be given financial handouts every month to send their children to school, college or university. They just want to be given opportunities to get affordable loans, perhaps soft loans, for various purposes. They just need opportunities to earn an extra ringgit in order to make ends meet.

Further to this, why must a people burn a house that is still strong and only needs innovative improvements? Which people in the world do not want to succeed financially? Which race in the world do not want to be united, to be respected and accorded due recognition, to progress and prosper? Which people in the world do not aspire to have some degree of control over events that have a bearing on their future and, thus, determine their destiny as a people?

It takes years to build a people. It takes only one mistake to undo everything good gained so far. Native leaders cannot afford to make that mistake. If changes are indeed needed, these need to be studied in depth before proceeding further. 


Note: This blog is not meant to belittle the noble aims of MNC and its leaders.
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First created on July 7, 2016

Friday, July 8, 2016

KADAZAN: My People, My Race

This blog is an explanation of the Theme of the Blog "Kadazan: Tuhun Ku, Tinau Ku".

This blog tries to explain who these people calling themselves "Kadazan" are. This name refers specifically to the native people who live within the region between Penampang-Nosoob and Papar.

This name is combined with "Dusun" to give a general meaning that refers to all Kadazan and Dusun people.

In the past, the British colonialists named these people "Dusun" after the Brunei "orang dusun" which means people of the orchards. Official (British) documents stated that the people who live within the said region were "Dusun". But these people continued to call themeselves as "Kadazan". Owen Rutter made this very clear in his 1929 book.

Kadazan was used in Radio Sabah broadcast starting 1956. The problem seemed to be that the Kadazan personnel at Radio Sabah failed to take the Kadazan Language to a higher level. There was a reason for this. There were very few educated Kadazans at that time, what more having college education. The colonial government had little interest in helping to develop the language because of the perception that there would be little financial return. The British Chartered Company was established for one and one purpose only. Commercial gains!

Disunity seems to dog Kadazandusuns. To prevent disunity from getting worse, the people agreed on the group name "Kadazandusun"  which comprise of both Kadazans and Dusuns. This classification include more than thirty tribal groups including the Paitanic tribes.

Now, a ripple is threatening to divide them. Again! May those involved ask who will gain from disunity among themselves. Those who belong to groups other than Kadazan and Dusun should refrain from interfering in the affairs of Kadazan-Dusun.

This blog will say more on this and other matters in future.


Monday, June 27, 2016

Kada Kovudutai!

Kada kovudutai nunu abal kahabus id kalatas abal. Kada do tuutulus do otumbazaan dii. Maan soizuko poguhu do maganu katatapan do otopot toi ko ovudut ii. Kivaa noboos do himo no piatus (5%) katapatan mantad nunu ii kohombus id kalatas abal. Ogumu 'panantaman'. Ogumu 'kaka'. Ogumu 'dati'. Ogumu 'atag'. Ogumu itia om ihia. Kodimpot do tavan!

Internet? Sahagi do websait dii nointutunan do ogumu ii poinsuat do otopot om kavasa nogi do otumbazaan. Aiso kaanu magampa do atus piatus (100%) do otopot toi kotunud. Nung kivaa sisimba di nunu nokosuat, kogumuan dii do pomusaavan toi topiipiumanan. Kivaa di sumimba toi mongomi miampai do ohodong, magaagasab, mongintiti toi popoimamang. Tagal basaon ii. Tagal do simbaon toi manaak komi. Momiubat timpu. Mogium gagut. Okuudi toi aiso katapatan kogumuan dii. Kada kovudutai!

Whatsapp? Naa, iti no ii kazangat kozo do tuhun do baino - kaampai tuhun Kadazan - omuhok, otuutuo toi tanak po. Mositi do kivaa smartphone - telefon topulokis - mooi do kaanu momoguno do whatsapp. Usin vagu, koni? Doiho no do magavi do timpu. Kivaa dii mitanud do mooi akan. Songian nopo do ko-iikau, tuutulus do pohobuson dioho ii telefon tapagon om mintodos no kozo dii. Om songian do kopongudal nunu akanon om inumon, gumuhi vagu do mintodos. Okudi pibaasan. Noubasanan nodii. Piombohutan id soibau noopo. Tah! Avasi telefon nga kahasa momoguno.

Nunu ii pisimbaan doid whatsapp kopogovit doid kohohodong om pigagutan. Humiput nodii o kaka om kagazo haal songian kivaa di obokuti om oubas do popoubau. Nunu bakaang di tavasi kopogovit doid kalaatan. Dadi, kada kovudutai saviavi ii poinsuat toi kohombus maza do whatsapp.

Tuhun ii Noubas Momudut
Otopot do kivaa tuhun do miaga diti. Au dati oihaan do ingkaa ula-ula do tuhun dii do insan toi induvo nga kivaa timpu do kointahang do ovudut o tuhun dii. Isoh nopo dii popointahang do momumudut o tuhun dii nga misuvai nunu maan dau mantad di boos dau. Indama dati tuhun dii do popiipiuhan nunu ii koimaan disido nung okito do suvai ii mantad nunu ii noboos disido.

Modihiu mantad tuhun dii. Nung iziau oontok do kovuduatan dii, avasi do maan poimbuhazo nunu ii otopot. Kivaa dati do sisimba do tuhun dii ii kaanu mogovit doid koukatan tagazo. Tagal nodii do tumangkangau tuh nokohombus nu no ii katapatan.

Dadi, pisosoou no dotokou: Kada kovudutai!

Friday, June 24, 2016

Voos Tuhun ii Nokoimbuhai id Nuhu Nabahu, KA

Notigagang tuhun do nokokito, ka, do voos ii okito doid vatu id iso himunduk id Nuhu Nabahu pungaanan do St. John's Peak (Himunduk do St. John). Nung au zou kahasa, St. John nopo diti nga ii Sir Spencer St. John, songuhun mantad di upisol takavas do British id North Borneo. Miaga do minimang soibau ii voos tuhun mantad saahom di vatu, ka dati topimanan do vookon.

Nokuo tu notigagang? Ogumu dati momusoou do sabap no do noguzu o Nuhu Nabahu do nokoimbuhai o voos diti doid vatu. Kivaa dati ii kakaal avakas kotumbazaan doid kopizo - superstitious, ka do Onggilis - om otumbazaan do kivaa dati kaantakan do mikot do tiinu.

Kada daa do adadi doid isai-sai do mamalati do mositi no do kivaa dii au avasi do aantakan.

Kivaa dati kuminam popionit do kinaantakan di guminuzu o Nabahu miampai do kinaantakan diti. Miho do aantakan iti sabap kivaa ii otumbazaan do sabap no do minimbulagoi o piipio tuhun topuak id dampa do Nuhu Nabahu do guminuzu o Nabahu. Otopot do au koontok do minimbulagoi o tuhun tutumombuhui ngaavi diti. Nunu nimaan dioho au otoimo do tinimungan mamasok do doiti. Nga kivaa kointahangan do suvai ii nontodonon do tana guminuzu dii.

Kivaa upisol polinta minoboos do doiho no haid ii voos dii. Poguhu naantakan ii guminuzu o Sabah om Nuhu Nabahu, doiho no haid o voos dii. Atahang iti songian do mimang tonob o tadau. Nga mintong nogi koozuvan do tavan.

Dadi kada tokou pokinongou toi tuutulus otumbazaan nunu ii kahabus id kalatas abal, toi 'social media' kokomoi do konunu ahal kaampai no ahal diti. Au kapanaak do nununu kounalan toi kavasian nung ingkaa tokou. Opudson dati o pomusaavan dotokou om kopogovit doid koumbakan do kohidasan.

Sontob ii otumbazaan doid Minamangun kada no daa kopusou songian koongou toi koiho do kaantakan do miaga diti. Om kada no kotumbazaai ngaavi dii.